![]() A state of arousal leads to activation of the autonomic nervous system that is characterized by changes in skin conductance rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and pupil dilation (Zuckerman, 1971). Over the next decade, researchers began to investigate an array of mental activities linked to pupil size changes, including memory load (Kahneman & Beatty, 1966), and general arousal activation (Hess & Polt, 1960 Nunnally et al., 1967).įluctuations in pupil size are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and are a result of dynamic shifts between sympathetic (results in dilation) and parasympathetic (results in constriction) activation (McDougal & Gamlin, 2008 Zuckerman, 1971). With this approach, it became possible to conduct experimental investigations into the physiological and psychological factors underlying pupillary responses (Loewenfeld, 1958 Löwenstein & Loewenfeld, 1962). They developed the first technological method for measuring pupils, the electronic pupillograph, which captured motion pictures of the pupil and recorded their fluctuating movements (Löwenstein & Loewenfeld, 1958). In the twentieth century, a number of incidental observations of pupils responding to factors other than light, including interest and arousal, led to the pivotal research of Löwenstein and Loewenfeld. This is termed “the pupillary light reflex” and is responsible for an increase in pupil size (dilation) when the visual environment is darker and a decrease in pupil size (constriction) in brighter settings (Ellis, 1981). The fact that the pupil of the human eye responds to changes in brightness levels within our visual environment is well known to most people. However, the results suggest that pupillary measurement of sexual interest is promising for men and that standardization is essential to gain a better understanding of the validity of this measurement technique for sexual interest. These meta-analyses are based on a limited number of studies and are therefore preliminary. ![]() Three methodological moderators were identified-the sexual explicitness of stimulus materials, the measurement technique of pupillary response, and inclusion of self-report measures of sexual interest. Finally, lesbian women displayed greater pupil dilation to male stimuli. Although heterosexual women exhibited larger pupils to male stimuli compared to female stimuli, the magnitude of the effect was small and non-significant. Bisexual men showed greater pupil dilation to male stimuli. Only heterosexual and gay men demonstrated discrimination in pupillary responses that was clearly in line with their sexual orientation, with greater pupil dilation to female and male stimuli, respectively. In the final analysis, 15 studies were included for heterosexual men ( N = 550), 5 studies for gay men ( N = 65), 4 studies for bisexual men ( N = 124), 13 studies for heterosexual women ( N = 403), and 3 studies for lesbian women ( N = 132). Separate meta-analyses were performed for six sexual orientation categories. We carried out a meta-analytic review of studies published between 19 ( Mdn year = 2016) measuring pupil responses to visual stimuli of adult men and women to assess sexual interest. There has been a resurgence in research examining pupil dilation as a potential index of sexual orientation. Objective measures of sexual interest are important for research on human sexuality.
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![]() ![]() The biggest downside is the lack of Apple CarPlay or Android Auto smartphone integration. The sound quality from the 14-speaker audio system is immersive. But the system can be slow to update in spotty service areas, leaving you temporarily mapless. The navigation system, which is Google-based, is also clear and easy to read. The big center screen is easy to see and has crisp-looking graphics. How’s the tech? There are significant pros and cons when it comes to the Model Y's technology features. The slim rear window and high rear beltline greatly restrict what you can see out of the back. Rear visibility, however, is like what you get in a sport coupe. There's only a bit of obstruction from the large front windshield pillars when you're making turns. Another issue: If the touchscreen flakes out, you lose the majority of access to the Model Y's controls.įorward visibility is impressive thanks to the tall and wide windshield and short hood. There's a learning curve to using the controls, and the system is generally distracting to use while driving. The Model Y's available third-row seat is cramped but does add seven-passenger capability should you need it in a pinch.Īlas, the large touchscreen, while it looks cool and modern, is the Y's single gateway to controlling nearly everything. Getting in and out is easy thanks to the wide-opening doors, tall roof and low step-over height. How’s the interior? The Model Y's cabin is spacious, with lots of headroom and legroom for all occupants. ![]() Check out our long-term Tesla Model Y test page for all the details on how it held up over the duration of our test, how reliable it was, and what it's like to live with the Model Y. Our test team lived with the Model Y and put it through its paces over thousands of miles and months of real-world use. Check out the Expert Rating below to get our test team's full take on the Model Y's utility, comfort, real-world range and more. The Audi Q4 e-tron, Ford Mustang Mach-E, Hyundai Ioniq 5, Kia EV6, Nissan Ariya, Subaru Solterra, Toyota bZ4X and Volkswagen ID.4 are all models that you might also want to consider for your next electric SUV purchase. The Y is undeniably the sales leader in its class, but that class is growing with new options. As of this publication, Tesla has dropped the price of the Model Y several times throughout the year. There's a lot that goes into the new cells, but what matters to most consumers is that this battery technology promises lower costs, which Tesla could pass on to its customers. The new 4680 cells are a complete overhaul of the battery tech inside Tesla's cars, and the company has been working on them for quite some time. Specific to the 2023 Tesla Model Y is the introduction of Tesla's so-called 4680 battery cells. Recent updates include pricing reductions and the introduction of an Enhanced Autopilot option that adds a variety of advanced driver assist features, such as automatic lane changes as well as self-parking and summon features, without having to pay for the full-boat Full Self-Driving upgrade. Unlike most other automakers, Tesla makes rolling updates to its vehicles rather than waiting for a brand-new model year to come around. Official details for the 2023 Model Y will likely keep trickling in throughout the year. ![]() ![]() V or short name TSV 1860 München ( 1860 München ): or short name Union Berlin: ġ860 München appear ( show up ) like München Lions instead Turn- und Sportverein München von 1860 e. Union Berlin appear ( show up ) like Berlin-Köpenick Dammfeld instead 1. Hello, thanks for your great job, but somes names of german names are wrong: There's a workaround for that in the first post. Some of these changes, ESPECIALLY THE CLUB NAMES, may not apply in FMC. For a workaround if you've already started a new save-game, then please read the opening post of this thread. Club names (including the German ones) are only changed if you apply the editor data files before starting a new game. If you are in the middle of a save-game, German national teams will be populated in the next instance that players are called up, and not instantly. To make sure the files have been applied correctly, go to the Champions Cup and EURO Vase in your saved game, and they should be renamed to Champions League and Europa League respectively. There may also be a config.xml file in this folder and can be safely retained it is generated by FM every time the game starts. Take care to remove any previous versions of this file Step 8: This should be what your editor data folder looks like. Step 7: Paste the circled folder directly into the folder mentioned in step 5. Step 6: Keeping the folder in step 5 open, go back to the file you downloaded and select the folder named "FM16 Real Names Fix Files from v2.1". Step 4: Go to: Documents \ Sports Interactive \ Football Manager 2016 Step 5: Open the folder named "editor data" contained therein. Step 2: Delete the dbc, edt and lnc folders from the path above Step 3: Copy the dbc, edt and lnc folder from this download into the folders mentioned in step 1. Use this link to find out how to show it. ![]() Press (ctrl + h) Android: sdcard\Android\data\sportsinteractive.fm16\files\installed\data\db\1630For Mac Lion users, the Library folder will be hidden. Slightly more detail in this post Linux /home/user/.local/share/Steam/SteamApps/common/Football Manager 2016/data/db/1630/Please note that the Local folder is hidden. Or, you can follow the below instructions to install this version of this file Step 1: Go to PC Program Files \ Steam \ SteamApps \ common \ football manager 2016 \ data \ db \ 1630 Mac / Users / username / Library / Application Support / Steam / SteamApps / common / Football Manager 2016 / data / db / 1630 You can find this folder by clicking, in the Finder, the Go menu in the menu bar, then choose Go to Folder and type the folder path name (obviously inserting your username), then click Go. Some of the contents are different - but the procedure is identical, although of course you use the equivalent folder for FM16. Magrippinho very helpfully created a YouTube video on how this file should be installed. For all these files to work, however, you will need to start a new game. Finally, it includes a small file which corrects the 3-Letter competition names to correspond with any changes made in the lnc files. It also adds real-life media and journalists, with 26 media files added to encompass all major footballing nations and continents. This file includes the proper names for German, Italian and French clubs to circumvent licensing restrictions. There is also a club name changes file, which changes the names of clubs in a way which ensures that any nicknames entered in the default database are retained. It will also fix the fact that the German National team doesn't call up real players. The sortitoutsi real names fix changes the instances of fake names in Football Manager 2016 to the proper, real life names for awards, cities, stadiums and competitions, in cases where the actual name is not licensed. This is due to the fact that some files which are removed when installing this file are automatically re-installed by Steam when official patches come out. This file will need to be re-applied if/when patches/updates are released to ensure full compatibility. I suggest everybody clicks the "Notify me when updated" button to receive an email when the file is updated/amended in the future. And in La Jolla, the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego - now open again after a dazzling rebuild - is free on the second Sunday and third Thursday of each month. The San Diego Symphony regularly offers rehearsals that are free and open to the public at the stunning new Rady Shell at Jacobs Park, set along the waterfront west of the San Diego Convention Center. Take in the sights and sounds of San Diego's vibrant arts and culture scene.And discover such modern wonders as the “Flame Flower” sculpture in front of the Westin Gaslamp Quarter hotel - and of course the impressive edifice that is Petco Park, home of the San Diego Padres and named by USA Today as the No. Take time to admire what the Gaslamp Quarter Foundation calls the largest collection of restored Victorian office buildings this side of the Mississippi, and walk what was once the home turf of such memorable figures as the Old West lawman Wyatt Earp. Check out such landmarks as the Davis-Horton House, the area's oldest surviving structure, which was brought around Cape Horn from Maine in 1850 and reassembled here. Explore the sprawling Gaslamp Quarter, a nationally recognized historic district and the lively epicenter of San Diego's Downtown.It's all part of The Wonderfront, San Diego's "largest attraction," with 27 miles of bayside parks, marinas, shops, restaurants, promenades and bikeways. And don't miss the numerous public artworks - including the towering and playful "Embracing Peace," which sits just south of the massive USS Midway Museum. Enjoy a laid-back day of hanging out in the grass and watching the many passing yachts and ships on picturesque San Diego Bay, or take in the sights from one of the many bay-view benches and walkways. Stroll along San Diego's Embarcadero for hours of free entertainment, shopping and more.8 ranking on Tripadvisor's 2023 Best Beaches list. ![]() The gorgeous setting earned Coronado a No. Or stretch out on the expansive golden sands of Coronado Beach, flanked by the elegant Hotel Del Coronado and the glittering Pacific. 10 in Tripadvisor's Best Beaches Awards for 2023. The Cove, a spectacular pocket beach nestled into La Jolla's rocky bluffs, was ranked No. Visit La Jolla Cove and witness magnificent sunsets over the ocean.Build a sand castle, relax with a good book or just bask in the sun – you won't be disappointed. The beaches are all free to the public, to swim, body surf or hang ten. Head to San Diego's many beaches, which are consistently ranked among the top in the nation.Browse through this list to help you plan the perfect San Diego itinerary. ![]() Yes, Mahogany Obsidian can be placed in water for cleansing purposes. It also enhances focus, clarity, and self-control. It releases tension and stress, promoting a sense of peace and tranquility. Mahogany Obsidian has a calming and soothing effect on the mind and body. It also enhances strength, courage, and self-confidence. ![]() It helps release negative energy and promotes emotional healing. Mahogany Obsidian is used for grounding and protection. Its deep connection to the Earth and its ability to bring balance and stability have made it a cherished gemstone throughout the ages. Throughout history, Mahogany Obsidian has been used in rituals, ceremonies, and as a talisman for grounding, protection, and healing. Mahogany Obsidian, specifically, gets its name from its rich reddish-brown color, resembling the wood of the Mahogany tree. The name “Obsidian” is derived from the Latin word “obsidianus,” meaning “of Obsius,” referring to the Roman explorer Obsius who discovered the stone in Ethiopia. It was highly valued by the Mayans, Aztecs, and ancient Egyptians for its protective properties and its connection to the Earth. Obsidian, in general, has been used by various civilizations for thousands of years. The history of Mahogany Obsidian dates back to ancient times. It has a grounding and stabilizing effect, making it an excellent stone for those who need to feel more centered and balanced. Mahogany Obsidian also heals sacred spaces and prevents psychic attacks. This stone provides comfort during times of mourning and letting go, as well as healing tears in auric fields, body, mind, and spirit. ![]() Its colors are red and black, representing grounding and protection. Mahogany Obsidian is a powerful stone associated with the Earth Star and Root chakras. ![]() ↑ New 120Hz Games Report - last accessed on May 2023.↑ How Left 4 Dead 2 Players Reacted When The FOV Slider Was Added On PC - last accessed on.The advanced version of this mod is not compatible with SFKTeam's custom main menu mod, but Improved Bots (Simple) is. Improved Bots (Advanced) - increases bot AI.Shut Up Survivors - mutes some of the more annoying survivors' quotes.Resident Evil Weapon Sounds (low mid) - lowers the volume of loud gunshot sounds, but has a glitch with the combat shotgun where there is a very loud static noise after each shot.HD Interface, HD Textures For UI - adds HD interface elements.Kush's Menu - UI overhaul, including split-screen support. ![]() Urik Color Icons - adds color to the black-and-white icons.Team Health Counter - adds numbered HP for teammates.4K Remastered Pre-Rendered Main Menu BGs & Intro Cutscene - Upscales all the pre-rendered cutscenes/FMVs to 4K.No Blood/Mud Splatter - Removes blood and mud splatter on the player's screen after killing an infected or getting hit by Mud Men or Jimmy Gibbs Jr.If you want to keep that effect, you may also use this addon: Definitive Post Process Disabler - No Color Correction. However, this addon also disables the "black and white" vision when being on your final incapacitation. Definitive Post Process Disabler - Disables some post processing effects, which can improve your FPS.Left 4 Dead 2 HD REMASTERED - Improves all the textures and materials in the game.Improved Blood Textures - Adds higher resolution textures for blood splatters and wounds.Z_difficulty (Easy/Normal/Hard/Impossible) Toggles horizontal and vertical screen split (0 is auto selection) Ss_map [realism/survival/versus/ mutation# Direct connections must be allowedĪssigns selected player (cmd) to either survivor or infected team 10.6 Text chat with keyboard in controller modeĬonnect_splitscreen localhost 2Ĭonnects to a LAN or Internet server.9.2 Improper sniper scope on 1366x768 resolution.7.3.2 Mouse and keyboard in split-screen. Several years later, one of his competitors patented a refined version of the machine. ![]() He built just a few prototypes reserved for his own chain of coffee houses in Italy. Moriondo’s hulking machine was steam-powered and could only brew in bulk. The first such machine was invented way back in 1884 by Angelo Moriondo. You need a specialized device that runs hot water under pressure through the coffee grounds. Traditional espresso and its offspring-the ristretto and the long shot-can’t be brewed in a simple drip coffee machine. The history of espresso Espresso machines as we know them today are descended from Angelo Moriondo’s invention. Let’s further explore the difference between a ristretto and a long shot by beginning with a little history. Knowing these terms that maybe aren’t in the average coffee drinker’s vocabulary can help you get the taste experience you want when you visit your local coffee sop. You can also ask Starbucks to use either of these for your flat white or your latte, even while using the app. You can order a straight espresso shot as a ristretto or a long shot (or neither, in which case it will just be pulled the standard way). ![]() The main difference between a ristretto and a long shot is that ristretto uses less water and a shorter extraction time to create a more concentrated espresso, while a long shot does the opposite to create a less concentrated espresso with more volume. Ristretto and long shot refer to the way the espresso is pulled for your drink. The choice between ristretto, espresso, and lungo depends on personal taste and preference, as well as the occasion and time of day.If you’ve poked around your Starbucks app long enough, you’ve surely come across a customization option for your espresso that offers a “ristretto” or a “long shot.” Ristretto is the strongest and most intense of the three, espresso is the classic Italian coffee drink with a thick and creamy texture, and lungo is the largest and mildest of the three. While all three drinks are made using the same basic ingredients, they differ in their strength, flavor, and volume. Lungo has a lighter flavor than espresso and is often enjoyed as a more leisurely drink, as it is less intense than ristretto or espresso. It is made by using twice the amount of water as a traditional espresso shot, resulting in a larger, milder cup of coffee. Lungo, which means "long" in Italian, is the opposite of ristretto. Espresso is typically served in a small demitasse cup and enjoyed as a quick pick-me-up. This produces a shot of espresso that is thick, creamy, and full-bodied, with a layer of golden crema on top. It is made by forcing hot water through finely ground coffee beans at high pressure. ![]() This results in a smaller, more concentrated shot of espresso that is stronger and more intense in flavor.Įspresso is the classic Italian coffee drink that is enjoyed around the world. Ristretto is made by using the same amount of coffee as a traditional espresso shot, but with half the amount of water. Ristretto is an Italian term that means "restricted" or "limited." As the name suggests, ristretto is a shot of espresso that is restricted or limited in volume. Each of these drinks is prepared using the same basic ingredients of coffee and water, but they differ in their strength, flavor, and volume. Three popular variations of coffee that you may come across are ristretto, espresso, and lungo. Coffee is a beloved beverage that is enjoyed all over the world in many different forms. ![]() The current version of IPVanish VPN for FireStick device will be here
![]() So no matter which Apple device you’re using, the music library can be available. Another big advantage of iTunes is that one can sync it across devices. iTunes is also now available on Windows, so the benefits are not restricted to Apple devices only, but one can also access iTunes through the Microsoft Store. ![]() The features like shuffle are delightful in introducing forgotten songs and bring up some surprises that make the music experience unique and wonderful. Whether users access it from the Mac or from an iPhone or any Windows system, the quality of the program and the seamless experience remains the same. Now, apps and music are so readily available, iTunes is still the place to store an entire library of downloaded mp3, which is not streaming online, but owned by the user. For those users who remember having to sieve through messy folders for music, iTunes came as an absolute boon. While predominantly perceived as a music organizer, iTunes also has a vast library of e-books, podcasts, audiobooks, videos, and more.iTunes is, in fact, ideal to store audiobooks and organize them properly.Īn excellent user-friendly interface, with simple navigation and features, makes iTunes a great platform to store and experience music. iTunes also now has a Radio feature, which connects you to radio streaming channels from across the world, covering a number of genres, topics, and music preferences. One can easily purchase music through the iTunes store, and have access to millions of songs and albums from across the world. The music can be played across devices, which are not restricted to Apple devices anymore. iTunes is also a great platform for movies and TV shows, One can edit, rename, or move files, and even change the file format. The visualizer feature adds graphical effects to the song being played, adding a new layer to the music experience. For Apple users, iTunes can sync on multiple devices, so you can maintain the iTunes library across devices. Essentially an mp3 player, iTunes allows users to shuffle through their song collection, to experience randomized song playlists, enhancing the listening experience. Thousands of downloaded songs and albums are easy to categorize, sort, and create custom playlists. ITunes is an excellent program to organize and a personal music repository. ![]() Playing music sorted by artist, song, or album is so easy, that it’s a delight to organize music according to our preferences. Today, even though multiple other multimedia players, music apps, and stores are available, Apple users still rely on their iTunes for their music repository. Music lovers from the early 2000s can recall how novel the experience of organizing and playing music was to that generation, with the new iTunes. Most users primarily use iTunes for music. ![]() Through iTunes, users are equipped to record CDs, edit music files, purchase music and videos from the iTunes Store, and basically access music easily and legally What is iTunes used for? Now available on Windows too, iTunes is the perfect place to organise music, watch TV shows and movies, create playlists and more. A comprehensive music store, originally made for Apple users to download and play music. ITunes is a multimedia player and device manager. ![]() Additional clinical signs can include swelling, heat, pain on manipulation of the affected joint. Affected horses may exhibit reduced range of motion in one or more joints, which often becomes worse over time. The predominant clinical sign of osteoarthritis in horses is lameness, which may be intermittent but recurrent with sudden onset or slowly progressive. What are the clinical signs of osteoarthritis? ![]() Osteoarthritis gets progressively worse with age, but can affect horses of any age and breed, with males and females equally affected. High-speed training is also a risk factor. It is a degeneration of the cartilage that can be precipitated by factors including repetitive trauma, historical fractures or other injuries, and/or poor conformation that can increase stress on joints. Osteoarthritis can occur in any synovial joint. The term “arthritis” refers to joint inflammation, and there are many types and causes in horses. Osteoarthritis (OA), formerly known as degenerative joint disease, is the most common joint problem in horses, accounting for more than 60% of equine lameness. It is important to diagnose OA early and limit inflammation to prevent further damage. ![]()
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